In this article, I contended that such approach is too subjective, undemocratic and overbearing. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. analysis and (4) reporting of results (Morgan et al., 1998). Today researchers have a variety of choices in analyzing focus group data, and these generally fall … Uses: To collect preliminary data for surveys or interviews in order to determine issues that end users view as significant. D. A. Development options imagined by locals are inseparable from contemporary politics of transfrontier conservation area governance requiring researchers to shift roles from being catalysts and knowledge brokers to facilitators of learning and negotiation. Based upon the research objectives, biodiversity, conservation, decision making, f, and synergistic relationships among participants to, McColl, Hale, & Bond, 1995). This is part of the Jan 2018 special issue in the journal Methods in Ecology and Evo, Scenario planning has gained prominence among conservationists and policy-makers as a tool for planning, forecasting and learning about the future. Our result also revealed that around 55 % of inland bycatch and 42 % of marine bycatch is associated with overfishing (vulnerability score > 1.8). This paper reviews its application in the field of ecology and conservation. NGT is quite flexible and has been used in combination with a range of techniques (surveys, with the Delphi method and with multi-criteria analysis, as well as with the collection of ecological data). Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (1990). The focus group, Harisha, R. P., & Padmavathy, S. (2013). The versatility and ease of use of the technique is, where the bolded number is the median average number, Consequently, researchers must be clear on where it is appropriate, and recruited as well as the relationship between sampling and repre, resource exploitation. Confirmability was, on average, inadequately accounted for, particularly with respect to researchers’ ontology, epistemology, or philosophical perspective and their choice of methodology. 5. A focus group is comprised of a collection of several individuals who all discuss a particular subject, voicing and discussing their opinions and ideas on that subject. Finally, we propose a set of guidelines for combining science-based and values-based reasoning in decision-making via localised governance structures. In a brief time the moderator must create a thoughtful, permissive atmosphere, provide ground rules, and set the tone of the discussion. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Morgan, D. L., Krueger, R. A., & King, J. It emphasizes the need for improved data collection on species-specific life-history traits. We have provided guidelines to improve the standard of reporting and future application of the technique for conservation. The Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is an iconic flagship species and geographical indication product of Bangladesh. Dos and don’ts of a positive focus group experience 5. Focus group methodology generates distinct ethical challenges that do not correspond fully to those raised by one-to-one interviews. (FT100100413) programs and funded by the Australian Government. This paper contributes to contemporary debates on novel approaches to promote engagement with communities for improving biodiversity conservation and livelihoods in emerging transfrontier conservation areas. Morgan, D.L. In addition, the increasing. topic. The method aims to obtain data from a purposely selected group of individuals rather than from a statistically representative sample of a broader population. It is also a good method to employ prior to designing questionnaires. A focus group has defined scope and objectives. research objectives of the study. This paper explores, in both conceptual and practical terms, three key issues: consent; confidentiality and anonymity; and risk of harm. Similarly, the assistant’s role includes, on the behaviour and actions of respondent’s pre-, “thicker” descriptions and interpretations compared to the sole use of, verbal data (Fonteyn, Vettese, Lancaster, &, (proxemics); temporal speech markers such as gaps, silences, and, of voice (paralinguistic). <> three small groups, each having their own independent discussion. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. The making of men: Masculinities, sexualities and, Qualitative research and motivation research. Understanding Focus Groups. Their applica- tion in healthcare research is rather novel. Here, we describe the evolution of harvest portfolios amongst Pacific Northwest fishermen over 35+ years with explicit attention to changes in the structure and function of the albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Scombridae) troll and pole-and-line fishery. Hence the need to evaluate such perceptions, tion decision making (Redpath et al., 2004). This book addresses the key issues and practical requirements of the social researcher, namely: the kinds of social research issues for which focus groups are most and least suitable; optimum group size and composition; and the designing of focusing exercises, facilitation and appropriate analysis. knowledge ecosystem) and linked through high-level actions. The. ]WY:Ű�4��5��y��I�/����1+�Z����v`L��2^�9�7� 7�y]0� $fR:/}ޏV�.9�tP��&�I:S��o��'����z�&��%!��/ҙK���'��W+!0\�Z��3�XTEK���ma��.�Y�Ԑbmū ��!��Z�=�x����?|�@0�d�,YVd�M:3ə�֛s��U�'�v��~`��K�� 8��3��/S`a=�!%���LOO���C�*��. ing in ecology and conservation journals. This review and supporting materials provides a succinct yet comprehensive reference for conservation scientists and practitioners. This is the most. Develop open-ended questions to encourage discussion 4. FGD, or also known as the group interviewing method can be based on structured, semi-structured, or unstructured interviews [15,16] and can generate data [17,18,19] which can be both descriptive and explanatory, ... Francis, and Cheah [29] likewise argued that one way of identifying the mechanism of a potential moderator is through discussion with experts in the area under study, and that qualitative data is also a necessary avenue to discover and recommend pertinent potential moderating effect but is otherwise verifiably tested in the field of study. been used as a methodological tool in conservation in the last 20, We used a combination of “Focus Group Discussion*” AND “conserv*,”, OR “ecology,” OR “biodivers*,” where “*”, for alternative word endings, in a search query within, base (https://www.scopus.com), from 1996 to 2016 (accessed on 20th, (2006). by both researchers and practitioners across different disciplines (e.g. Other studies, disclosure may arise (Harrison et al., 2015). The group shares their feedback, opinions, knowledge, and insights about the topic at hand. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. Productivity susceptibility analysis (PSA) is being widely used as a semi-quantitative risk assessment tool in data and capacity limited situations. Member checking, also known as participant or respondent validation, is a technique for exploring the credibility of results. 2. Freitas, H., Oliveira, M., Jenkins, M., & Popjoy, O. Moreover, with few exceptions, we found that species with vulnerability score over 1.8 was at depleted stock state. However, the growth, Wildlife Conservation Network and WildiZe Foundation. (1998). Get a verified writer to help you with Focus group discussion. Group discussion is a means of collecting data in one go from several people (who usually share common experiences) and which concentrates on their shared meanings, whereas a focus group is a special type of group discussion with a narrowly focused topic discussed by group members of equal status who do not know one another. Consequently, some authors have recommended a, cussion sessions are run until a clear pattern, groups produce no new information (Krueger, meetings have been reported, but this can be difficult due to changes. Sage, UK. involved, researchers are faced with uncertain and unpredictable pat, search subjects well before setting out to use f, We noted that none of the studies mentioned the extent o, project (see recommendations on facilitator, Our review indicates that the researchers often set out to explore, dicate that restricting participants to the topic of researcher’s interest, constraints creativity and encourages con, this constraint when planning and framing the group discussion ques, tions. thinks (or by observing their interactions) often, group to different conclusions than those. A good moderator will know how to conduct a focus group discussion with the goal of stimulating a spirited discussion among the participants. Designing funded qualitative research. 3. Features of the Focus Group. Finally, we used concept mapping, or a visual display illustrating. searcher thereby takes a peripheral, rather than a centre-, Hohenthal, Owidi, Minoia, & Pellikka, 2015; Johnson, 1996; Kitzinger, most people derive their notions, mental constructions and interpr, discussion technique based on a review of its application in conserva, the technique and then provide an overview of the different forms of, Focus group discussion consists of four major steps as shown. focus group discussion is a commonly used method. Analyzing Focus Group Data The analysis and interpretation of focus group data require a great deal of judgment and care, just as any other scientific approach, and regardless of whether the analysis relies on quantitative or qualitative procedures. Local communities are inextricably tied to their. Focus group discussion requires a team consisting of a skilled facilita, ment for unfamiliar participants. Researchers can use differ, lead to convenience sampling by selecting participants based on their, variety of perspectives and small enough not to become disorderly or. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a method of data collection which is frequently used to collect in-depth qualitative data in various descriptive studies such as case studies, phenomenological and naturalistic studies). Two key challenges to resolving this problem are: (a) integrating science-based and values-based (e.g. A group of 6-10 people, usually 8, meet to explore and discuss a topic, such as a new product. Co-workers and friends are more comfortable in voicing views in each other’s company than on their own with the researcher. 4 0 obj Most focus groups involve between 6-10 respondents with a discussion that will last for 1-2 hours per session. The lesson will provides examples of products presented in focus groups. The ideas and the opinions flow freely without any rules and the regulations to follow. The nominal group technique (NGT) is a qualitative method to elicit judgement from stakeholders. We found that dependability and credibility were reasonably well reported, albeit poorly evolved in relation to critical aspects of qualitative social science such as methodology and triangulation, including reflexivity. Depending on the research objective, the Focus Group can be used alone or in conjunction with other methods. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and the results thereof indicated that indeed, IK can be utilized as an alternative. The social sciences are one important means through which researchers and practitioners can attain that better understanding. It is used to learn more about opinions on a designated topic, and then to guide future action. need to generate discussion or debate about a research topic that, Padmavathy, 2013; Mfune, 2013; Wibeck, 2011). causes of deforesta, tion). Guidelines for setting up and designing focus-group studies are outlined, ethical issues are highlighted, the purpose of a pilot study is reviewed, and common focus-group analysis and reporting styles are outlined. records and discussion group analysis. A focus group usually consists of 5-12 individuals who all possess certain characteristics pertaining to the topic of the group. The facilitator is the person guiding the discussion. ˝��7w�����GN�PJfV�|{|�DF��0�(�T��^e�?���^'"��x����i죗�.�&#�t�b�1Z��ȕ�yI6����߈��=���L�Nr/4׃�W��'k�M$}iE&KCT��r�a��&s4})'LƳ����[�I-���nHg�!�01Q��#�����F4���c��ɓ�%�Lg6��c���� �����l������T�+'?�n���*U.y�����/�Ì��t! We reviewed and summarized elements of quality that could be used by reviewers and readers to evaluate qualitative research (dependability, credibility, confirmability, and transferability); assessed the prevalence of these elements in research published in ecology and conservation journals; and explored the implications of sound qualitative research reporting for applying research findings. 1. When conducting a focus group: 1. Implications and future directions for practice, research, and policy are explored. The Focus Group (FG) has been actually employed by marketing, and is becoming importanct also in other areas; such as, education, health, management, decision-making, and information systems, among others. x��ZYw��~�9���c�`��u�n7��<8}�)X�-� The UTAUT model is a theoretical framework that elucidates the conditions under which teachers are most likely to accept and use information and communication technologies (ICT) in the classroom. Under such circumstances, focus gr, & Kincheloe, 2004, p. 4). In contrast, large vessels (>60 ft) targeting albacore are more specialized now than previously observed, even as participation in multiple fisheries has become increasingly common for this size class. stream Focus group discussions lead to valuable output. HIRE verified writer $35.80 for a 2-page paper. They address the three main components of composition, conduct and analysis in focus group research and also acknowledge the increasing impact the Internet has had on social research by covering the role and conduct of `virtual focus groups'. The main characteristic of a focus group is the interaction between the moderator and the group, as well as the interaction between group members. Focus groups are a commonly used methodology to explore ideas in a group setting with a researcher acting as moderator. The advantages of using focus groups over other methods of qualitative analysis are many.A focus group is a focus group discussion is a commonly used method. Focus groups are group discussions conducted with the participation of 7 to 12 people to capture their experiences and views regarding specific issues closely related to research question(s). Focus group discussion is frequently used as a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of social issues. The five stages are: Study Purpose Methodology Conceptualization Logistics Facilitation Preparation Pre-Session Session Analysis Reporting Using this five-stage process as a guide will contribute to the completion of an Focus groups are generally used to collect data on a specific topic. A moderator or interviewer facilitates the discussion and creates an environment that promotes the communication … In describing divergent trajectories associated with the albacore fishery, one of the US West Coast's last open-access fisheries, we highlight the diverse strategies and mechanisms utilized to sustain fisheries livelihoods in the modern era while arguing that alternative approaches to management and licensing may be required to maintain the viability of small-scale fishing operations worldwide moving forward. (2016). Information about. During a focus group, a group of individuals—usually 6-12 people—is brought together in a room to engage in a guided discussion of a topic.